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Battery 12V
$8.00
In Stock (5 available)
A 12-volt (12V) rechargeable battery is a versatile power source consisting of multiple cells combined to provide a nominal 12-volt output. They are highly popular due to their balance of energy capacity and voltage, making them ideal for a wide range of applications, from portable electronics and power tools to automotive and solar power systems.
Key Characteristics and Components
A 12V battery pack's final characteristics depend heavily on the chemical composition of the cells used. The most common types are Lithium-ion (Li-ion) (including Lithium Iron Phosphate or LiFePO4) and various types of Lead-Acid batteries.
| Feature | Lithium-ion (Li-ion/LiFePO4) | Lead-Acid (FLA, AGM, Gel) |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | Lightweight | Heavy |
| Energy Density | High (more energy in a smaller space) | Low to Medium |
| Cycle Life | Long (1000–5000+ cycles) | Shorter (300–1000 cycles) |
| Maintenance | Very Low/None | Low to High (especially Flooded Lead-Acid) |
| Self-Discharge Rate | Very Low | Low to High |
| Safety/Design | Often includes a Battery Management System (BMS) for protection against overcharge, over-discharge, and high current. LiFePO4 chemistry is particularly safe. | Sealed types (AGM/Gel) are spill-proof. Flooded types can release gases. |
| Cost | Higher initial cost | Lower initial cost (especially Flooded Lead-Acid) |
- Structure: A 12V battery pack is made by connecting individual cells in a series and parallel configuration to achieve the desired $12\text{V}$ output and capacity (measured in Amp-hours, or Ah).
- For example, a Li-ion pack may use three or four cells in series since a single Li-ion cell has a nominal voltage of approximately $3.2\text{V}$ (LiFePO4) or $3.7\text{V}$ (other Li-ion).
- Capacity: Available capacities vary widely, typically ranging from $1.5\text{Ah}$ for power tools up to $100\text{Ah}$ or more for deep-cycle applications like RVs or solar storage.
Common Applications
12V rechargeable batteries are used in various fields where reliable, portable power is needed:
- Automotive/Marine: Starting batteries for cars (often lead-acid), and deep-cycle batteries for RVs, trolling motors, and boats (increasingly LiFePO4).
- Portable Electronics: Powering small devices, cameras, LED lights, and portable music systems.
- Power Tools: Used in cordless drills, saws, and impact wrenches.
- Backup and Renewable Energy: Used in Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), CCTV, and for energy storage in off-grid solar and wind power systems.