ESP32

The ESP32 is a powerful, low-cost, and ultra-versatile Wi-Fi + Bluetooth microcontroller developed by Espressif Systems. It's a favorite in the maker community and professional IoT projects because it packs a ton of features into a tiny chip.

🧠 Core Features:

Feature	Description
CPU	Dual-core 32-bit Xtensa @ up to 240MHz
RAM	520KB SRAM (plus external options)
Flash	Usually 4MB (varies by board)
Wi-Fi	802.11 b/g/n (2.4GHz)
Bluetooth	Classic + BLE
GPIO Pins	~30–34 (varies)
ADC/DAC	Yes (12-bit ADC, 2x 8-bit DAC)
PWM, SPI, I2C, UART	Fully supported
Touch Inputs	Capacitive touch sensors

🧰 Popular ESP32 Boards:

Model	Description
ESP32 DevKit V1	Most common, breadboard-friendly
ESP32 WROOM-32	Compact module, core of most boards
ESP32-CAM	Includes camera, microSD, no USB onboard
ESP32-S3	More AI power, USB support
NodeMCU-32S	USB ready, similar to DevKit but wider

🧪 What Can You Do With ESP32?

• 📡 IoT Projects (Wi-Fi or Bluetooth)
• 📱 Smart Home Automation
• 📷 ESP32-CAM for face detection or streaming
• 🧠 Edge AI with ESP32-S3
• 📡 MQTT / HTTP / Firebase projects
• 🎮 DIY game controllers, sensors, displays

🔌 How to Program It:

You can use:

• ✅ Arduino IDE (easy for beginners)

• 🧪 PlatformIO (advanced features)

• 🧱 MicroPython (Python on hardware)

• 🔌 ESP-IDF (official SDK, C/C++)

  ⚠️ Tips:

• GPIOs 0, 2, and 15 are special during boot — watch their use!

• Use 3.3V logic (not 5V!)

• To upload code, hold BOOT button if needed